Manuscripts for publication in JFSE must be submitted electronically as text file saved MS Word to m.editor@jfseunimaid.edu.ng or jfse@unimaid.edu.ng. Submission must be by the author(s) to whom acknowledgment of receipt and other correspondence will be addressed. Any manuscript submitted must be unpublished work not being offered for publication elsewhere. Upon submission, a manuscript number will be emailed to the corresponding Author within 48 hours.
General Format
Manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing on one side of standard A4. The text should be prepared in single column format, 12pt New Times Roman. Headings except the abstract should numbered, bold and capitalized. Subheadings should also be bold with key words starting with capital letter. Both headings and subheadings must be left align. All pages must be numbered.
Review Papers
Review paper should not have empirical data acquired by the authors but should include discussion of papers published and data acquired in a specific area. All data used must be adequately referenced. The review paper must explore the topic thoroughly and should be approximately 18 – 20 double-spaced typewritten pages.
Short Communication
Short Communications should be urgent communications of important preliminary results that are very original, of high interest and likely to have a significant impact on the subject area of the journal. There is no strict page limit for a short communication but not more than 5 – 7 pages double-spaced type written pages, plus 2 - 3 figures and/or tables, and 15 - 20 key references is recommended.
Original Full-Length Research Manuscript
This should include original empirical data that have not been published anywhere earlier (except as an abstract). The manuscript should not be more than 6 - 8 published journal pages. As a general rule, this means that the manuscript should be limited to approximately 15 double-spaced typewritten pages from abstract to reference page or appendix as the case may be.
Manuscript Structure
The order of the sections should be as follows: title, author(s), address, abstract, key words, introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion, conclusions, acknowledgment (if applicable) and references.
Title Page
The title page should contain the title of the manuscript, name(s) of author(s) and their affiliations. The title should not contain any abbreviation and it should enlighten the contents of the manuscript. The affiliations should contain the department, institution, city, state and country. A lower-case superscript letter must be provided after each author's name and in front of their addresses for identification. The corresponding author should be indicated with asterisk and the e-mail address provided.
Abstract
The abstract should be concise, informative and not exceeding 300 words. The abstract should be arranged in one paragraph covering brief description of the purpose of the work. Techniques, methods and the design used. Major findings with relevant statistics, p-values and Confidence Intervals. Major conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords
Between 4 - 6 keywords should be provided. Key words should contain the words not in the title.
1.0 INTRODUCTION (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT)
This section should provide a factual background, clearly defined problem, proposed solution, the scope and justification of the work done all these should be backed by relevant current literatures not more than TEN years from the date the work was carried out except in exceptional cases.
2.0 MATERIAL AND METHODS (TIMES NEW ROMAN, CAPITAL, BOLD, 12 FONT)
This section should provide adequate information that will allow the experiment to be reproduced. Already published methods should be mentioned with references. Significant modifications of published methods and new methods should be described in detail. This section should include sub-sections based on the test or investigation carried out following the format below:
2.1 Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) - Second Level Heading. Note: All the key words must start with Capital letter.
2.1.1 Sub-subheading (Times new roman, bold, 12 font) - Third level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with capital letter.
2.1.1.1 Sub-sub-subheading (Times new roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with capital letter.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results should be clearly described in a concise manner. Results for different parameters should be described under subheadings or in separate paragraph. Table or figure numbers should be mentioned in parentheses for better understanding. Discussion must not repeat the results, but provide detailed interpretation of data. This should interpret the significance of the findings of the work. Recent citations should be given in support of the findings (note: not more TEN years from when the work was carried out). The results and discussion may be separated. But it is recommended that the sections should be joined. As in material and method section, this section must include sub-sections based on the results of the test or investigation carried out following the format below:
3.1 Subheading (Times New Roman, Bold, 12 Font) - Second Level Heading. Note: All the key words must start with Capital letter.
3.1.1 Sub-subheading (Times new roman, bold, 12 font) - Third level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with capital letter.
3.1.1.1 Sub-sub-subheading (Times new roman, italics, bold 12 font) - Forth level heading. Note: Only the opening word in the caption must start with capital letter.
Tables and Figures
Tables and figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures must be presented in relation to their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text.
Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. single spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript lowercase letters.
Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, outside the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Conclusion should be based strictly on the major findings from the study. It is recommended that the conclusions be itemised using arabic numeral.
Acknowledgements
A brief acknowledgement section may be given after the conclusion section just before the references. The acknowledgments of people who provided assistance in manuscript preparation, funding for research, etc. should be listed in this section. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgement. Authors should declare the role of funding agency, if any, in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state.
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors may use the following wordings for this section: “‘Author A’ designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ‘Author B’ and ‘Author C’ managed the analyses of the study. ‘Author C’ managed the literature searches…… All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
References
Make all references in the text by author and year of publication. For three or more authors, cite the first only and use et al. List all references alphabetically by first author. References to unpublished personal communications or in press should be avoided. The references should conform to the following style and punctuations:
Journal Article
Sotannde OA, Oluyege AO, Abah GB (2010). Physical and combustion properties of charcoal briquettes from neem wood residues. International Agrophysics, 2010, 24 (2): 189-194.
Conference proceeding
Usenius A (1999). Wood conversion chain optimisation. In: Proc. of the 3rd IUFRO workshop on connection between silviculture and wood quality through modelling approaches and simulation software, pp. 541–548. Nepveu G, ed. September 5–12, 1999, La Londe-Les-Maures, France.
Book
Nwoboshi LC (1982). Tropical silviculture: Principle and techniques. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria. 333p.
Contribution to a Book
Gross D (2012). Knowledge and Awareness about Climate Change around the World and its Impacts on Natural and Human Systems In: English through Climate Change pp. 43 – 56. Filho WL, Manolas E, eds. Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace
Within the text, references should be given as: Gross (2012), or the impact of climate change have been reported on natural and human systems (Gross 2012).
If many citations, site as: (Adeogun et al. 2012; Zira and Ghilde 2013; Gross 2012)
